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<refentry>

  <refentryinfo>

    <title>httpd systemd units</title>

    <productname>httpd</productname>

    <author><contrib>Author</contrib><surname>Orton</surname><firstname>Joe</firstname><email>jorton@redhat.com</email></author>

  </refentryinfo>

  <refmeta>

    <refentrytitle>httpd.service</refentrytitle>

    <manvolnum>8</manvolnum>

  </refmeta>

  <refnamediv>

    <refname>httpd.service</refname>

    <refname>httpd@.service</refname>

    <refname>httpd.socket</refname>

    <refname>httpd-init.service</refname>

    <refpurpose>httpd unit files for systemd</refpurpose>

  </refnamediv>

  <refsynopsisdiv>

    <para>

      <filename>/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service</filename>, 

      <filename>/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd@.service</filename>,

      <filename>/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd-init.service</filename>,

      <filename>/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.socket</filename>

    </para>

  </refsynopsisdiv>

  <refsect1>

    <title>Description</title>

    <para>This manual page describes the <command>systemd</command>

    unit files used to integrate the <command>httpd</command> daemon

    with <command>systemd</command>. Two main unit files are

    available: <command>httpd.service</command> allows the

    <command>httpd</command> daemon to be run as a system service, and

    <command>httpd.socket</command> allows httpd to be started via

    socket-based activation. Most systems will use

    <command>httpd.service</command>.</para>

    <para>The <command>apachectl</command> command has been modified

    to invoke <command>systemctl</command> for most uses, so for

    example, running <command>apachectl start</command> is equivalent

    to running <command>systemctl start httpd.service</command>.  This

    ensures that the running httpd daemon is tracked and managed by

    <command>systemd</command>.  In contrast, running

    <command>httpd</command> directly from a root shell will start the

    service outside of <command>systemd</command>; in this case,

    default security restrictions described below (including, but not

    limited to, SELinux) will not be enforced.</para>

    <refsect2>

      <title>Changing default behaviour</title>

      <para>To change the default behaviour of the httpd service, an

      <emphasis>over-ride</emphasis> file should be created, rather

      than changing

      <filename>/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service</filename>

      directly, since such changes would be lost over package

      upgrades. Running <command>systemctl edit

      httpd.service</command> or <command>systemctl edit

      httpd.socket</command> as root will create a drop-in file (in

      the former case, in

      <filename>/etc/systemd/system/httpd.service.d</filename>) which

      over-rides the system defaults.</para>

      <para>For example, to set the <option>LD_LIBRARY_PATH</option>

      environment variable for the daemon, run <command>systemctl edit

      httpd.service</command> and enter:

      <programlisting>[Service]

Environment=LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/opt/vendor/lib</programlisting></para>

    </refsect2>

    <refsect2>

      <title>Starting the service at boot time</title>

      <para>The httpd.service and httpd.socket units are

      <emphasis>disabled</emphasis> by default. To start the httpd

      service at boot time, run: <command>systemctl enable

      httpd.service</command>. In the default configuration, the

      httpd daemon will accept connections on port 80 (and, if mod_ssl

      is installed, TLS connections on port 443) for any configured

      IPv4 or IPv6 address.</para>

      <para>If httpd is configured to depend on any specific IP

      address (for example, with a "Listen" directive) which may only

      become available during start-up, or if httpd depends on other

      services (such as a database daemon), the service

      <emphasis>must</emphasis> be configured to ensure correct

      start-up ordering.</para>

      <para>For example, to ensure httpd is only running after all

      configured network interfaces are configured, create a drop-in

      file (as described above) with the following section:

      <programlisting>[Unit]

After=network-online.target

Wants=network-online.target</programlisting>

      See 

      url="https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/NetworkTarget/"/>

      for more information on start-up ordering with systemd.</para>

    </refsect2>

    <refsect2>

      <title>SSL/TLS certificate generation</title>

      <para>The <command>httpd-init.service</command> unit is provided

      with the mod_ssl package. This oneshot unit automatically

      creates a TLS server certificate and key (using a generated

      self-signed CA certificate and key) for testing purposes before

      httpd is started. To inhibit certificate generation, use

      <command>systemctl mask httpd-init.service</command> after

      installing mod_ssl, and adjust the mod_ssl configuration to use

      an appropriate certificate and key.</para>

    </refsect2>

    <refsect2>

      <title>Reloading and stopping the service</title>

      <para>When running <command>systemctl reload

      httpd.service</command>, a <emphasis>graceful</emphasis>

      restart is used, which sends a signal to the httpd parent

      process to reload the configuration and re-open log files. Any

      children with open connections at the time of reload will

      terminate only once they have completed serving requests. This

      prevents users of the server seeing errors (or potentially

      losing data) due to the reload, but means some there is some

      delay before any configuration changes take effect for all

      users.</para>

      <para>Similarly, a <emphasis>graceful stop</emphasis> is used

      when <command>systemctl stop httpd.service</command> is run,

      which terminates the server only once active connections have

      been processed.</para>

      <para>To "ungracefully" stop the server without waiting for

      requests to complete, use <command>systemctl kill

      --kill-who=main httpd</command>; similarly to "ungracefully"

      reload the configuration, use <command>systemctl kill

      --kill-who=main --signal=HUP httpd</command>.</para>

    </refsect2>

    <refsect2>

      <title>Automated service restarts</title>

      <para>System packages (including the httpd package itself) may

      restart the httpd service automatically after packages are

      upgraded, installed, or removed. This is done using the

      <command>systemctl reload httpd.service</command>, which

      produces a <emphasis>graceful</emphasis> restart by default as

      described above.</para>

      <para>To suppress automatic reloads entirely, create the file

      <filename>/etc/sysconfig/httpd-disable-posttrans</filename>.</para>

    </refsect2>

    <refsect2>

      <title>Changing the default MPM (Multi-Processing Module)</title>

      <para>httpd offers a choice of multi-processing modules (MPMs),

      which can be configured in

      <filename>/etc/httpd/conf.modules.d/00-mpm.conf</filename>.

      See

      <citerefentry><refentrytitle>httpd.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>

      for more information on changing the MPM.</para>

    </refsect2>

    <refsect2>

      <title>systemd integration and mod_systemd</title>

      <para>The httpd service uses the <option>notify</option> systemd

      service type. The <literal>mod_systemd</literal> module must be

      loaded (as in the default configuration) for this to work

      correctly - the service will fail if this module is not

      loaded. <literal>mod_systemd</literal> also makes worker and

      request statistics available when running <command>systemctl status

      httpd</command>. See

      <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>

      for more information on systemd service types.</para>

    </refsect2>

    <refsect2>

      <title>Security and SELinux</title>

      <para>The default SELinux policy restricts the httpd service in

      various ways. For example, the default policy limits the ports

      to which httpd can bind (using the <literal>Listen</literal>

      directive), which parts of the filesystem can be accessed, and

      whether outgoing TCP connections are possible. Many of these

      restrictions can be relaxed or adjusted by using

      <command>semanage</command> to change booleans or other

      types. See

      <citerefentry><refentrytitle>httpd_selinux</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>

      for more information.</para>

      <para>The httpd service enables <emphasis>PrivateTmp</emphasis>

      by default. The <filename>/tmp</filename> and

      <filename>/var/tmp</filename> directories available within the

      httpd process (and CGI scripts, etc) are not shared by other

      processes. See

      <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>

      for more information.</para>

    </refsect2>

    <refsect2>

      <title>Socket activation</title>

      <para>Socket activation (see

      <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.socket</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>

      for more information) can be used with <command>httpd</command>

      by enabling the <command>httpd.socket</command> unit.  The

      <command>httpd</command> listener configuration must exactly

      match the <literal>ListenStream</literal> options configured for

      the <command>httpd.socket</command> unit.  The default

      <command>httpd.socket</command> has a

      <literal>ListenStream=80</literal> and, if mod_ssl is installed,

      <literal>ListenStream=443</literal> by a drop-in file. If

      additional <literal>Listen</literal> directives are added to the

      httpd configuration, corresponding

      <literal>ListenStream</literal> options should be added via

      drop-in files, for example via <command>systemctl edit

      httpd.socket</command>.</para>

      <para>If using socket activation with httpd, only one listener

      on any given TCP port is supported; a configuration with both

      "<literal>Listen 127.0.0.1:80</literal>" and "<literal>Listen

      192.168.1.2:80</literal>" will not work.</para>

    </refsect2>

    <refsect2>

      <title>Instantiated services</title>

      <para>The <command>httpd@.service</command> unit is an

      instantiated template service. An instance of this unit will be

      started using the configuration file

      <filename>/etc/httpd/conf/INSTANCE.conf</filename>, where

      <emphasis>INSTANCE</emphasis> is replaced with the instance

      name.  For example, <command>systemctl start

      httpd@foobar.service</command> will start httpd using the

      configuration file

      <filename>/etc/httpd/conf/foobar.conf</filename>.  The

      <option>HTTPD_INSTANCE</option> environment variable is set to

      the instance name by the unit and is available for use within

      the configuration file.</para>

      <para>To allow multiple instances of httpd to run

      simultaneously, a number of configuration directives must be

      changed, such as <command>PidFile</command> and

      <command>DefaultRuntimeDir</command> to pick non-conflicting

      paths, and <command>Listen</command> to choose different ports.

      The example configuration file

      <filename>/usr/share/doc/httpd/instance.conf</filename>

      demonstrates how to make such changes using

      <option>HTTPD_INSTANCE</option> variable.</para>

      <para>It can be useful to configure instances of

      <command>httpd@.service</command> to reload when

      <command>httpd.service</command> is reloaded; for example,

      <command>logrotate</command> will reload only

      <command>httpd.service</command> when logs are rotated. If this

      behaviour is required, create a drop-in file for the instance as

      follows:

      <programlisting>[Unit]

ReloadPropagatedFrom=httpd.service</programlisting>

      As with normal units, drop-in files for instances can be created

      using <command>systemctl edit</command>, e.g. <command>systemctl edit

      httpd@foobar.service</command>.</para>

    </refsect2>

  </refsect1>

  <refsect1>

    <title>Files</title>

    <para><filename>/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service</filename>,

    <filename>/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.socket</filename>,

    <filename>/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd@.service</filename>,

    <filename>/etc/systemd/systemd/httpd.service.d</filename></para>

  </refsect1>

  <refsect1>

    <title>See also</title>

    <para>

    <citerefentry><refentrytitle>httpd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, 

    <citerefentry><refentrytitle>httpd.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,

    <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, 

    <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, 

    <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,

    <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,

    <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.socket</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,

    <citerefentry><refentrytitle>httpd_selinux</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,

    <citerefentry><refentrytitle>semanage</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>

    </para>

  </refsect1>

</refentry>

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